Car Parking System Using Arduino and Ultrasonic Sensor

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Car Parking System Using Arduino and Ultrasonic Sensor

Car Parking System Using Arduino and Ultrasonic Sensor

This project demonstrates a car parking system using Arduino UNO, ultrasonic sensors, SG90 servo motor, 16x2 LCD with I2C, and basic components. It automatically manages gate control and parking slot tracking using ultrasonic sensing.

How the System Works

  • When a car approaches the entry point, Ultrasonic Sensor 1 detects it.
  • If parking slots are available, the servo motor opens the gate, allowing entry.
  • After the vehicle passes through Ultrasonic Sensor 2, the gate closes, and the available slot count is reduced.
  • This process continues until the parking is full.
  • At the time of exit, the vehicle is detected first by Sensor 2, triggering the gate to open.
  • After passing Sensor 1, the gate closes, and the slot count is incremented.
  • The system handles 4 slots by default, but you can change this in the code via the Arduino IDE.

Materials Required

Step-by-Step Assembly

1. Mount the Components:

  • Place Ultrasonic Sensor 1 at the entry gate and Sensor 2 at the exit.
  • Fix the servo motor to control gate movement.
  • Position the LCD at a visible location for displaying messages.

2. Wiring the Circuit:

  • Connect all modules to the Arduino UNO as per the wiring diagram.
  • Use a capacitor for added power stability.
  • Make connections neatly on mini breadboards using jumper wires.

3. Programming the Arduino:

  • Upload the Arduino code provided in the video or GitHub repo.
  • Adjust the number of available slots or timing delays in the code if required.

4. Testing the System:

  • Simulate a car passing the entry sensor.
  • Verify that the gate opens, slot count decreases, and LCD displays correct information.
  • Repeat with the exit process to test gate closing and slot increment.

Circuit Diagram

The detailed circuit diagram is provided in the video.

🎥 Watch the video above for full wiring instructions.

Programming the Arduino

Once the circuit is set up, upload the following code to the Arduino UNO using the Arduino IDE.

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <Servo.h>

// Initialize LCD (I2C address, columns, rows)
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

// Initialize Servo
Servo myservo;

// Ultrasonic Sensor Pins
const int trigPin1 = 6;  // Trigger pin for Sensor 1 (Entry)
const int echoPin1 = 7;  // Echo pin for Sensor 1 (Entry)
const int trigPin2 = 8;  // Trigger pin for Sensor 2 (Exit)
const int echoPin2 = 9;  // Echo pin for Sensor 2 (Exit)

// Parking Slot Variables
int Slot = 4;   // Total number of parking slots
int flag1 = 0; // Flag for entry sensor
int flag2 = 0; // Flag for exit sensor

// Distance Threshold (in cm)
const int distanceThreshold = 10; // Adjust this value based on your setup

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);

  // Initialize LCD
  lcd.init();
  lcd.backlight();

  // Set ultrasonic sensor pins
  pinMode(trigPin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(echoPin1, INPUT);
  pinMode(trigPin2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(echoPin2, INPUT);

  // Attach Servo
  myservo.attach(2); // Servo connected to pin 2
  myservo.write(100); // Initial position (gate closed)

  // Display Welcome Message
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    ARDUINO    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print(" PARKING SYSTEM ");
  delay(2000);
  lcd.clear();
}

long getDistance(int trigPin, int echoPin) {
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
  long duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
  return duration * 0.034 / 2; // Convert to cm
}

void smoothServoMove(int startPos, int endPos) {
  int step = (startPos < endPos) ? 1 : -1;
  for (int pos = startPos; pos != endPos; pos += step) {
    myservo.write(pos);
    delay(5); // Adjust delay for smoothness
  }
  myservo.write(endPos); // Ensure it reaches the final position
}

void loop() {
  // Measure distance from Entry Sensor
  long distance1 = getDistance(trigPin1, echoPin1);
  Serial.print("Distance 1: ");
  Serial.println(distance1);

  // Measure distance from Exit Sensor
  long distance2 = getDistance(trigPin2, echoPin2);
  Serial.print("Distance 2: ");
  Serial.println(distance2);

  // Check if a car is detected at the Entry Sensor
  if (distance1 < distanceThreshold && flag1 == 0) {
    Serial.println("Car detected at Entry");
    if (Slot > 0) {
      flag1 = 1;
      smoothServoMove(100, 0); // Open gate smoothly
      Slot = Slot - 1;  // Decrease available slots
      Serial.println("Gate opened for Entry");
    } else {
      lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
      lcd.print("    SORRY :(    ");
      lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
      lcd.print("  Parking Full  ");
      delay(3000);
      lcd.clear();
    }
  }

  // Check if a car is detected at the Exit Sensor
  if (distance2 < distanceThreshold && flag2 == 0) {
    Serial.println("Car detected at Exit");
    flag2 = 1;
    smoothServoMove(100, 0); // Open gate smoothly
    Slot = min(Slot + 1, 4);  // Increase available slots but not exceed 4
    Serial.println("Gate opened for Exit");
  }

  // Reset flags and close gate after car passes
  if (flag1 == 1 || flag2 == 1) {
    delay(3000); // Wait for car to pass
    smoothServoMove(0, 100); // Close gate smoothly
    flag1 = 0;
    flag2 = 0;
    Serial.println("Gate closed");
  }

  // Display available slots on LCD
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("    WELCOME!    ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("Slot Left: ");
  lcd.print(Slot);

  delay(1000); // Add a short delay to avoid rapid looping
}

Code Explanation:

Setup:

Initializes the LCD display, ultrasonic sensors, and servo motor. Sets up the welcome message that displays for 2 seconds on startup.

Loop:

Continuously monitors both ultrasonic sensors. When a vehicle is detected at the entry sensor, it checks for available slots and opens the gate if space exists. When detected at the exit sensor, it opens the gate and increments the available slots. The system displays current slot availability on the LCD and manages gate operations automatically.

Why Choose This Design?

  • ✅ Fully Automated: Opens/closes gate automatically based on car detection
  • 🅿️ Slot Management: Keeps track of parking slots in real-time
  • 🔧 Customizable: Change number of slots or timings in Arduino IDE
  • ⚡ Stable Power: Capacitor ensures smooth operation of servo and sensors
  • 🛠️ DIY Friendly: Simple components and wiring, no soldering required

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