RFID-Based Car Parking System Using Arduino

This project involves designing an RFID-based car parking system using Arduino UNO, RFID module, IR sensors, 16x2 LCD with I2C, MG90S servo motor, and other essential components. The system automates the entry and exit process for vehicles using RFID authentication.

How the System Works

When a vehicle reaches the entrance, IR Sensor 1 is triggered.
The LCD display prompts the driver to scan an RFID card.
If the scanned card is registered, the servo motor opens the gate, allowing entry.
If the card is not registered, the LCD will display "Access Denied" and the gate remains closed.
After the vehicle passes through IR Sensor 2, the gate automatically closes after 2 seconds.
The system manages four parking slots, but this can be expanded via software modifications.
At exit, when a vehicle triggers IR Sensor 2, the servo opens the gate.
After the vehicle passes through IR Sensor 1, the gate closes after 2 seconds.
A capacitor helps maintain power stability in the circuit.

3D Printed Parts

The system includes custom 3D printed parts for mounting the components securely and ensuring a professional build.

Print them all on JLC3DP:- Click Here

Download 3D Printed Parts Here

Materials Required

Arduino UNO :- Buy Here
Jumper Wires :- Buy Here
Breadboard :- Buy Here
LCD Display With I2C Module :- Buy Here
Servo Motor :- Buy Here
IR Sensor :- Buy Here
RFID Module :- Buy Here
Capacitor :- Buy Here

Step-by-Step Assembly

Mount the Components:
- Attach the IR sensors at the entry and exit points.
- Secure the RFID module near the entry gate.
- Place the LCD display for user interaction.
- Install the servo motor to control the gate.
Wiring the Circuit:
- Connect all components to the Arduino UNO as per the circuit diagram.
- Ensure the power supply is stable using a capacitor.
Programming the Arduino:
- Upload the necessary RFID-based parking system code to the Arduino UNO.
- Modify the code to adjust the number of parking slots if needed.
Testing the System:
- Scan a registered RFID card to check if the gate opens.
- Test the IR sensors to ensure they trigger correctly.
- Verify the LCD messages and system responses.

Circuit Diagram

Below is the wiring diagram for the RFID-based Car Parking System:

RFID_Card_Scan_Code:-

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

#include <SPI.h>

#include <MFRC522.h>

#define RST_PIN 9

#define SS_PIN 10

byte readCard[4];

byte a = 0;

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

lcd.init();

lcd.backlight();

while (!Serial);

SPI.begin();

mfrc522.PCD_Init();

delay(4);

mfrc522.PCD_DumpVersionToSerial();

lcd.setCursor(2, 0);

lcd.print("Put your card");

}

void loop() {

if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent()) {

return 0;

}

if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) {

return 0;

}

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print("Scanned UID");

a = 0;

Serial.println(F("Scanned PICC's UID:"));

for ( uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) { //

readCard[i] = mfrc522.uid.uidByte[i];

Serial.print(readCard[i], HEX);

Serial.print(" ");

lcd.setCursor(a, 1);

lcd.print(readCard[i], HEX);

lcd.print(" ");

delay(500);

a += 3;

}

Serial.println("");

mfrc522.PICC_HaltA();

return 1;

}

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RFID_Car_Parking_System_Main_Code:-

#include <Wire.h> //final
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <Servo.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>

#define SS_PIN 10
#define RST_PIN 9
#define servoPin 2

String UID = "C3 29 C8 A9"; // Enter your card or keychain ID

MFRC522 rfid(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);

Servo myservo;

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

int IR1 = 4; // Entry sensor
int IR2 = 3; // Exit sensor

int Slot = 4; // Total number of parking Slots
const int MaxSlots = 4; // Maximum number of slots

bool carEntering = false; // Track if a car is entering
bool carExiting = false; // Track if a car is exiting

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.init(); // Initialize the LCD
lcd.backlight(); // Open the backlight
pinMode(IR1, INPUT);
pinMode(IR2, INPUT);
myservo.attach(servoPin);
myservo.write(100); // Close the gate initially
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" ARDUINO ");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(" PARKING SYSTEM ");
delay(3000);
lcd.clear();

SPI.begin();
rfid.PCD_Init();
}

void loop() {
// Check if a car is entering (IR1 -> IR2)
if (digitalRead(IR1) == LOW && !carEntering && !carExiting) {
carEntering = true;
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Car Detected!");
delay(1000);

if (Slot > 0) {
int pass = rfunc(); // Scan RFID card
if (pass == 1) {
smoothOpenGate(); // Open the gate smoothly
Slot--; // Decrement available slots
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Gate Opened!");
delay(2000);

// Wait for the car to pass through IR2
while (digitalRead(IR2) == HIGH) {
delay(100);
}

// Wait for the car to completely leave IR2
while (digitalRead(IR2) == LOW) {
delay(100);
}

delay(2000); // Wait 2 seconds before closing the gate
smoothCloseGate(); // Close the gate smoothly
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Gate Closed!");
delay(2000);
}
} else {
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" SORRY :( ");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(" Parking Full ");
delay(3000);
lcd.clear();
}
carEntering = false;
}

// Check if a car is exiting (IR2 -> IR1)
if (digitalRead(IR2) == LOW && !carExiting && !carEntering) {
if (Slot == MaxSlots) {
// If all slots are available, show "No Cars Left!" message
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" No Cars Left! ");
delay(3000);
lcd.clear();
} else {
carExiting = true;
smoothOpenGate(); // Open the gate smoothly
if (Slot < MaxSlots) {
Slot++; // Increment available slots
}
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Car Exiting...");
delay(2000);

// Wait for the car to pass through IR1
while (digitalRead(IR1) == HIGH) {
delay(100);
}

// Wait for the car to completely leave IR1
while (digitalRead(IR1) == LOW) {
delay(100);
}

delay(2000); // Wait 2 seconds before closing the gate
smoothCloseGate(); // Close the gate smoothly
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Gate Closed!");
delay(2000);
carExiting = false;
}
}

// Display available slots
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" WELCOME! ");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Slot Left: ");
lcd.print(Slot);
}

// Function to smoothly open the gate
void smoothOpenGate() {
for (int pos = 100; pos >= 0; pos -= 1) { // Move from 100° to 0°
myservo.write(pos);
delay(10); // Adjust delay for smoother/faster motion
}
}

// Function to smoothly close the gate
void smoothCloseGate() {
for (int pos = 0; pos <= 100; pos += 1) { // Move from 0° to 100°
myservo.write(pos);
delay(10); // Adjust delay for smoother/faster motion
}
}

int rfunc() {
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(4, 0);
lcd.print("Welcome!");
lcd.setCursor(1, 1);
lcd.print("Put your card");
delay(100);

while (true) {
if (rfid.PICC_IsNewCardPresent() && rfid.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) {
break;
}
delay(300);
}

lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Scanning");

String ID = "";
for (byte i = 0; i < rfid.uid.size; i++) {
lcd.print(".");
ID.concat(String(rfid.uid.uidByte[i] < 0x10 ? " 0" : " "));
ID.concat(String(rfid.uid.uidByte[i], HEX));
delay(300);
}

ID.toUpperCase();

if (ID.substring(1) == UID) {
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Allowed.");
delay(1500);
lcd.clear();
return 1;
} else {
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Wrong card!");
delay(1500);
lcd.clear();
return 0;
}
}

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Why Choose This Design?

Automated & Secure: Only registered vehicles are allowed.
Hands-Free Operation: Uses RFID for touchless authentication.
Expandable: Can increase parking slots through software updates.
Energy Efficient: Uses minimal power with a capacitor for stability.

This RFID-based car parking system is a great project for automation enthusiasts, engineering students, and DIY makers. It enhances security and efficiency in managing parking spaces while providing hands-on experience with Arduino and embedded systems.

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